This section of the website is set up with the intent to demonstrate and highlight some of the work and projects being carried out in Honduras that focus on inventorying, outreach programs, monitoring, protection, etc. We welcome any individuals doing any of this work to make submissions to be posted in this section.

Robert Gallardo doing audio recordings at Malcote Nature Reserve

Topics and/or areas covered:

• Tawahka-Asangni Biosphere Reserve
• Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve
• Highlands of western and southwestern Honduras
• Lake Yojoa
• Department of Copan
• North Coast
• Olanchito,Yoro (Honduran Emerald site)
• Bay Islands and Pelagic

Tawahka-Asangni Biosphere Reserve (TABR) Expedition-March 18-29, 2004

The TABR is part of one of the largest remaining tracks of wilderness areas left in Central America. Together with the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve (RPBR), Patuca N.P., Caratasca W.R., the Rus Rus and Rio Kruta Biological Reserves and the Nicaraguan Mosquitia these areas comprise several million hectares. They provide refuge and act as a stronghold for some of the regions' most endangered animals such as the Manatee, Jaguar, Giant Anteater, Harpy and Crested Eagles and both the Scarlet and Great Green Macaws.

Tawahka Field Camp

The Tawahka reserve encompasses about 233,000 hectares and is situated between the southern border of the RPBR and the Nicaraguan border. Its borders lie mostly within the Departments of Gracias A Dios and Olancho. It is home to the Tawahka people who, with only a population of about 1,000, comprise one of the smallest indigenous groups remaining in Honduras. Their largest villages are Krausirpe and Krautara.

The reserve consists almost entirely of lowland broadleaf forest and borders some tracts of Caribbean pine savanna on its northern border. There are low-lying hills and many near-vertical limestone escarpments, quite reminiscent of some southeast Asian landscapes. Traversing the east and northeast parts of the reserve are the Montanas de Colon and Sierra Warunta respectively. These hills reach a maximum elevation of 865 m. Also traversing the reserve in a s.w. to n.e. direction isthe mighty Patuca River which enters into the Caribbean between the Caratasca and Brus Lagoons. Until recently this area has remained in nearly pristine condition with the Tawahkans being the principal occupying residents, but ladino colonizers are taking a foothold and clearing land for cattle and agriculture.

Upstream from Krautara, connecting the Patuca R. to the Coco R. are two, almost contiguous valleys. The Sutawala Valley has a small river running out of it and was chosen as our study site. It has been an area for recent sightings of both the Crested and Harpy Eagles.

The overall goal of the expedition was to look for and document unrecorded species which were expected to range northward into Honduras. More than 20 species of birds are to be expected (see list on pg. 158, "Birding Honduras; A Checklist and Guide", by Anderson and Bonta, 2002). Also, an unknown number of other flora and fauna new to Honduras would also be expected.

A number of people were invited to take part in this expedition with the final total being six participants and three local guides. Mateo and Christianne, two students from the Zamorano Ag. Univ. collected orchid samples for their herbarium. Robert and Irma did both butterfly and bird surveying while Pam and Dennis did mostly bird surveying.

The following was the day to day itinerary and outline of activities:

March 18 Flight from La Ceiba to Wampusirpe. Birding around the village and adjacent pine savanna

March 19 A.M. birding in the pine savanna Boat trip up Patuca R. Picked up local guide, Dionisio Cruz in Krausirpe. Overnight on gravel bar near the entrance of the Sutawala Valley.

March 20 Entered the Sutawala Valley and established base camp Some birding around camp.

March 21- March 24 Inventorying in Sutawala Valley

March 25 Return to Wampusirpe

March 26 Birding in pine savanna around Wampusirpe

March 27 Birding around Wampusirpe

March 28 Travel to Ahuas

March 29 Flight to La Ceiba

Although we didn't get to see a Harpy Eagle we made some significant finds including several new birds and one new butterfly for Honduras. We also established frequency data for a number of species whose status in Honduras was uncertain. Audio recordings were also obtained for many desirable species.

The following list contains the birds recorded on this expedition:

Bird List (MS Word, 39Kb)

NOTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES

• Semiplumbeous Hawk (Leucopternis semiplumbea) Two individuals were called in on March 23 with a tape whence tehy soared just over the canopy above us and responded vocally then perched nearby on a knoll.
• Black-collared Hawk (Busarellus nigricollis) This is an uncommon bird of prey in Honduras with most recent sightings coming from La Mosquitia. One adult was seen by Pam on March 23 at the confluence of the Sutawala and Patuca Rivers.
• Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) In Honduras this falcon inhabits mostly pine savanna or pine/oak woodlands and is uncommon. However, in the Mosquitia savanna habitat it would probably prove to be fairly common if more field work were to be done. On three visits into the pine savanna we observed one individual on March 19 that perched on a snag in a large opening.
• Tawny-faced Quail (Rhynchortyx cinctus) Like many of the forest-dwelling quails this one is difficult to observe and is uncommon to rare in Honduras apparently ranging northeast to Tela. One female was seen deep in the Sutawala Valley on March 22.
• Black-throated Bobwhite (Colinus nigrigularis) In Honduras this quail has been recorded only in the pine savannas of La Mosquitia. We found it to be quite common in the savannas around Wampusirpe inhabiting grassy and scrubby areas in small to medium sized groups.
• White-throated Crake (Laterallus albigularis) This crake reaches its northern limit of distribution along the Rio Platano in eastern Honduras. It inhabits wetlands with scrubby growth. We found it to be common along the Rio Patuca and is easily taped in and seen well.
• Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus exilis) This tiny crake was historically recorded along the Rio Segovia (Monoe, 1968) until R. Gallardo recorded it at Lake Yojoa in Feb 2004. We found it to be common all along Rio Patuca, hearing its "piping" notes amongst the tall grass. At Wampusirpe we heard six individuals in a small area along a section of the river and were able to call one out into the open right at our feet.
• Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) This large macaw reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. Two individuals were seen on March 20 at the entrance of the Sutawala Valley flying high overhead. It is much more abundant along the Rio Platano ( see Field Work-Rio Platano Bioshphere Reserve).
• Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) This macaw once had a wide distribution in Honduras, even into the early 1900's. It is now restricted to isolated areas of Olancho and throughout La Mosquitia. One individual was seen on March 20 at the entrance of the Sutawala Valley. It is much more abundant along the Rio Platano (see Field Work-Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve).
• Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) This large parrot's distribution in Honduras occurs along the Caribbean slope and historically inland to Lake Yojoa and is an uncommon to fairly common species. However, in the Tawahka reserve we found it to be quite common and outnumbering all other parrot species. It appears to be more common here than anywhere else in Honduras.
• Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) This is one of the largest owls in Honduras and is found primarily along the Caribbean slope in broadleaf forest and is uncommon to fairly common. One individual was observed in the early a.m. hours on March 23 and an audio recording was obtained. ( AUDIO)
• Black-and-white Owl (Ciccaba nigrolineata) This large, forest dwelling owl is fairly common along the Caribbean slope. One individual was heard in the p.m. hours on March 21. The call of this bird can be heard in the background on the audio clip of the Spectacled Owl.
• Snowcap (Microchera albocoronata) This tiny hummingbird reaches its northern limit of distribution in the rainforests of eastern Honduras where it is uncommon (to rare?). with very few recent records. When found it is often near a stream or river just inside the forest. One male was observed on March 21.
• Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer (Chalybura urochrysia) This large hummingbird also reaches it northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. One male was seen on March 20 while feeding near ground level on a yellow Justicia flower.
• Black-throated Trogon (Trogon rufus)
  
  This yellow-bellied trogon ranges to western Honduras (2 sightings in Copan Ruins), but is more frequently found along the north coast. In the Tawahka reserve we found it to be common and was observed daily.
• Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii) Surprisingly, this large motmot was not heard nor seen in the reserve, but occurs as fairly common in the adjacent Rio Platano.
• 
• Keel-billed Motmot (Electron carinatum) This rain forest motmot is common to fairly common along northern Honduras into La Mosquitia. One individual was observed on March 22 sitting alongside a Broad-billed Motmot. The latter was called in with a tape recording and began to call incessantly. Upon returning approx. 25 minutes later the Keel-billed was found there as well. For more info, photos and audio recording see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum) This rain forest species reaches its northern limit of distribution in northwest Honduras at the Lancetilla Botanical Gardens near Tela. In the Tawahka reserve we found it to be fairly common, being called in with a tape on two occasions; March 22 and 23.
• Great Jacamar (Jacamerops aurea) This species previously ranged from Costa Rica down into S. America. On March 20 we discovered one female at our base camp at the entrance of the Sutawala Valley. It was perched approx. 30 ft. high on an exposed branch and did not call. Video footage was obtained (See "Birds of Special Interest" for photo). It constitutes a range extension of some 500 km. and is sure to exist in eastern Nicaragua as well.
• Chestnut-mandibled Toucan (Ramphastos swainsonii)
  
  This, our largest toucan, ranges from e. Honduras to S. America. In Honduras it is only reported from the La Mosquitia region where it inhabits broadleaf rain forest and edge and is common to fairly common. It is found from sea level to at least 800m.
• Rufous-winged Woodpecker (Piculus simplex) This rain forest dwelling species reaches its northern limit of distribution in northern Honduras though I know of no recent records there. We found it to be fairly common in the Tawahka reserve where it was heard on several occasions and a short audio recording was obtained.
• Checker-throated Antwren (Myrmotherula fulviventris) This antwren is found in Honduras only in La Mosquitia and in uncommon. When found, however, it is usually accompanying other species in mixed flocks of other antwrens and antshrikes. One male was observed in the Sutawala Valley on March 21.
• Chestnut-backed Antbird (Myrmeciza exsul) This antbird reaches its northern limit of distribution in northern Honduras along the Nombre de Dios mountains and inhabits humid rainforest. Records are few with most occuring in La Mosquitia. One individual was seen on March 22 in the Sutawala Valley.
• Golden-crowned Spadebill (Platyrinchus coronatus) This small and unusual flycatcher reaches its northern limit of distribution in Honduras east of the Sula Valley. It inhabits rainforest to at least 1,100m .and is uncommon. One individual was observed on March 22 feeding solitarily inside mature forest at mid levels.
• Vermillion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) This beautiful flycatcher inhabits the lowland pine savannas of La Mosquitia. Although previously published as uncommon (Bonta and Anderson, 2002) we found it to be quite common all around Wampusirpe favoring marshy areas, but also found elsewhere.
• 
• Snowy Cotinga (Carpodectes nitidus) The historic range for this lovely bird is La Ceiba (Nombre de Dios mountains) with no recent records from there. All recent sightings are from La Mosquitia. One individual was seen in the Sutawala Valley on March 21.
• Black-throated Wren (Thryothorus atrogularis) This forest dwelling wren is a Mesoamerican endemic whose previous range was from Nicaragua to w. Panama. On March 21 around 6:00 a.m. I heard one singing inside the forest. I used a pre-recorded tape to call it in and it responded immediately by coming in and began to sing. The bird was seen well by Irma and me and I also obtained an audio recording. ( AUDIO)
• Stripe-breasted Wren (Thryothoru thoracicus) This small Mesoamerican endemic also previously ranged from Nicaragua to Panama. On March 21 we heard one singing in the forest at base camp. Again, I used a pre-recorded tape to call it in and a pair immediately came into camp. We obtained video and audio recordings of them. For photo and audio recording see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Song Wren (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) This strange, but delightful wren has its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras where it was historically recorded along the Segovia River (Monroe, 1968). In the Sutawala Valley we found it to be fairly common where we found it on several occasions. For more info see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Slate-throated Gnatcatcher (Polioptila schistaceigula) On March 21 we observed a mixed flock of birds high up in the subcanopy. I heard a gnatcatcher species calling when both Dennis and I briefly observed an almost all black bird of gnatcatcher posture and size before it disappeared into the foliage. No audio nor video was obtained. The bird is known from central Panama down into S. America.
• White-throated Shrike-Tanager (Lanio leucothorax) This lovely forest dwelling tanager reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. We recorded it several times (mostly in mixed flocks) in the Sutawala Valley where it is fairly common.
• 
• Tawny-crested Tanager (Tachyphonus delatrii) This rainforest tanager reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. On March 21 we recorded several individuals in the Sutawala Valley.
• Blue-and-gold Tanager (Bangsia arcaei) A possible sighting of one in mixed flock with other tanagers. Only seen briefly and not likely a Gray-headed Tanager (E. penicillata) as the bird seen was approx. 25 ft. up in the trees. Bird apparently not recorded in Nicaragua.
• Yellow-crowned Euphonia (Euphonia luteicapilla) I first recorded this bird for Honduras in 2002 along the Rio Platano upon observing 3 individuals. We found it to be common around Wampusirpe as well as the Sutawala Valley. Audio recordings were obtained. ( AUDIO)
• Grassland Yellow-Finch (Sicalis luteola) Surprisingly not recorded in the short grassy areas around the village or pine savanna on this trip.
• Slate-colored Grosbeak (Saltator grossus) We found this bird to be fairly common to common in the Sutawala Valley where it was heard or seen almost daily. I obtained an audio recording of its song. For more info see "Birds of Special Interest".

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Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve

The RPBR is a UNESCO site that was established in 1982. It covers nearly 2 million acres and contains extensive wetlands consisting of marshes (seasonal and permanent), rivers, mangrove-lined lagoons and seasonal flood forest. There are also extensive scrubby dune and beach habitat along the coast. Large tracts of Caribbean pine/grass savanna are also present. Further inland one finds immense tracts of humid broadleaf forest containing much old growth up to an elevation of over 1,100m.

To date nearly 500 species have been recorded here with at least another 50 to be expected. Some of the most endangered species in Central America such as the Scarlet and Great Green Macaws are still found with relative ease. The Harpy and Crested Eagles still find refuge here with a number of recent sightings. Excursions into the reserve frequently yield previously unrecorded species and new species for Honduras. The easiest way to enter is to fly from La Ceiba to Palacios or Brus Lagoon and explore from there. The more adventurous route enters in from Olancho then raft down the length of the Platano River through the heart of the reserve; an epic eleven day trip (See "Tours" for more info).

Rafting the Rio Platano

The following dates and locations are periods in which R. Gallardo resided or visited the reserve when bird records were kept.

March 1995 to May 1996. Robert resided in the village of Raista along the north coast during his Peace Corps Service. Birds were recorded in the vicinity as well as the rainforests around Ibans Lagoon.

April 17-21, 1997. Visit to the north coast of the reserve.

Aug. 13-16, 2001. Visit to the north coast with one client.

April 10-16, 2001. Trip up the Platano R. with four clients.

Jan. 3-6, 2002. Visit to the north coast.

March 28-April 4, 2002. Rio Platano Headwaters tour with J. Salaverri and his clients.

April 11-21, 2003. Rio Platano Headwaters tour with J. Salaverri and four birding clients of Gallardo, (constituted first birding inventory done in this part of the reserve).

April 25-28, 2003. Visit to the north coast of the reserve.

Feb. 11-14, 2004. Trip up the Rio Platano with clients.

Jan. 21-30, 2005. Trip to the reserve with Emerald Planet and the Nature Conservancy (Raista, Brus Lagoon, and Las Marias).

July 31 to Aug. 11, 2006. Rio Platano Headwaters tour. Found two new species for Honduras on this trip. See “Trip Reports”.

July 4 to 11, 2007-part of longer Honduras tour. Spent 3 days in Pico Dama area.

The following list contains the birds that have been recorded within the reserve to date:

Bird List (MS Excel, 44Kb)

• Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) This species reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. Although in some literature it is stated as being rare (Ridgely, 1989) or uncommon (Howell, 1995), it can usually be detected within the seasonal flood forest up in the subcanopy on the south side of Ibans Lagoon and occasionally along the edges of the Rio Platano. It is probably also frequents similar habitats along Brus Lagoon.
• Fasciated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum) This forest dwelling tiger-heron’s known previous range was from Costa Rica to S. America. On a Rio Platano Headwaters trip in August 2006, Andrew V. and I observed one adult along a boulder-strewn section far upriver. Upon first encountering the bird it was alongside the river then it flew up into a tree where we observed it. Its dark nape and finely gold and black barred wings were the key characteristics seen. The bird has not yet been recorded in Nicaragua, but likely occurs there in similar habitat, perhaps in the Bosawas Reserve.
• Agami Heron (Agamia agami) This beautiful heron is perhaps one of the most difficult to observe in Honduras due to its seclusive habits. It usually inhabits slow backwaters in seasonal flood forest or shady pools along creeks and rivers. One was observed along the Rio Platano on Apr. 1, 2002 during a Headwaters Tour. Two were also seen along a waterway en route to the village of Banaca on the south side of Ibans Lagoon in 1995.
• Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayennensis) This species reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. It is fairly common along some rivers and seasonal flood forest despite some published information (Howell, 1995).
• Black-collared Hawk (Busarellus nigricollis) This is an uncommon bird of prey in Honduras with most recent sightings coming from La Mosquitia. One adult was seen soaring on April 4, 2002 above the Rio Platano and another on Jan. 27, 2005 in the same vicinity.
• Skua sp. (Catharacta sp.) On April 11, 2001 four observers and I watched a large bird chasing what appeared to be a Royal Tern offshore near the mouth of the Rio Platano. The bird was considerably larger than the tern and as it turned we saw "windows" on the underside of the wings. The other four had considerable experience with pelagic species and believed we were seeing a skua. Other records from the Caribbean have recorded the Great Skua (C. skua) so it is quite likely that this was the bird we observed.
• Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) This South American tern is typically found east of the Andes along rivers and occasionally wander to Central and N. America. On April 28, 2003 Eddy Bodden, Irma and I found one sitting alongside a flock of Royal Terns on a sandbar near Palacios in the northwest corner of the reserve. We walked to within about 40 ft. of the bird and clearly saw that it was a P. simple with its large, yellow bill and black cap. It was considerably smaller than the Royal Terns it was sitting next to.
• Scaled Pigeon (Patagioenas speciosa) One of Honduras´ loveliest pigeons. It is uncommon and infrequently seen within its rain forest habitat. It usually occupies the canopy and sub-canopy levels where it may sit quietly. At times it will perch on a high conspicuous snag where it sings. Most of my sightings have been from the Reserve.
• Pheasant Cuckoo (Dromococcyx phasianellus) In Honduras this cuckoo typically inhabits lighter forest and thick scrub or second growth and is infrequently seen. On April 12, 2003 two of us observed one accompanying a mixed flock in deep rainforest at 1,100m. It was observed on our hike en route to the Rio Platano headwaters.
• Yellow-naped Parrot (Amazona auropalliata) The taxonomic status of this species and A. oratrix has not yet been fully resolved. The "Yellow-naped" group occurs in Honduras on the Bay Islands (where it is highly endangered of local extirpation), Gulf of Fonseca (where it is fairly common on Isla El Tigre), and La Mosquitia (where it is common to fairly common). Its habitats include semi-deciduous forest, secondary broadleaf forest and lowland Caribbean pine savanna. They have the unfortunate disposition of learning to be good "talkers" and are frequently found as household pets. In La Mosquitia they can still be seen in flocks consisting of up to 50 birds.
• Great Green Macaw(Ara ambiguus) This beautiful macaw has a stronghold in the reserve with the greatest numbers being found in the core zone. It is typically seen in pairs or small flocks and at times can be approached within thirty feet or so. Many are usually seen on the Rio Platano Headwaters Tour.
• Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) This macaw is still fairly common to common in the reserve and at times can be seen in large flocks, especially outside of the nesting season and where there is a large fruiting tree.
• Crested Owl (Lophostrix cristata) This large, humid forest owl is somewhat scare and local in Honduras. One individual was seen and heard on the nights of July 6-8, 2007 around the Pico Dama campsite within the Reserve. It constitutes the first record for Rio Platano.
• Stygian Owl (Asio stygius) On Aug. 14, 2001 E. Bodden and I along with a tourist found an individual sleeping in a Caribbean Pine on the south side of Ibans Lagoon in the late a.m. hours. This large owl with curved ear tuffs and vermiculated chest pattern were seen well, even without binoculars. A. stygius is also found in Belize in the same habitat. This sighting constitutes the first record for Honduras.
• Ocellated Poorwill (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus) Only recently reported for Honduras (Anderson, 1998) this small forest dwelling poorwill is regularly seen along the Rio Platano up into the headwaters area almost to an elevation of 1,000m. It is often found flying low over the river at dawn and dusk searching for insects, either singly or in pairs. One pair was observed on a day roost which consisted of a small, horizontal branch about one foot above the ground. They were approached to within a few feet before they flew.
• Gray-rumped Swift (Chaetura cinereiventris) This dark swift is similar in appearance to many of the other Chaetura, but its large, shiny, light gray rump readily separates it. During the August 2006 Headwaters trip Andrew V. and I observed a number of flocks on three consecutive days. As individuals fed and dropped against the forest background the gray rump was easily seen. They fed alongside another black colored swift. This bird was on the list of species to watch for.
• Brown Violet-Ear (Colibri delphinae) This hummer is typically uncommon in Honduras (two sightings of mine along Pico Bonito N.P.), but have been found to be locally common in the reserve. On Apr. 12, 2003 we found four separate individuals during the hike into the Rio Platano headwaters. They were all seen between 800-1,100m.
• Blue-chested Hummingbird (Amazilia amabilis) On Apr. 18,2003, during a Rio Platano Headwaters tour we observed a female of this species for several minutes as it fed on a blooming Inga tree. Its speckled throat and black-tipped, flesh-colored bill were seen well by both Dennis Beall and I. Its previous limit of distribution was somewhere in eastern Nicaragua and this sighting constitutes the first Honduran record.
• Snowcap (Microchera albocoronata) This tiny hummingbird reaches its northern limit of distribution in the rainforests of eastern Honduras where it is uncommon (to rare?) with very few recent records. When found it is usually near a stream or just inside the forest along a river. One male was seen on Apr. 14, 2003 along the Rio Platano (day 2 of rafting on Headwaters Tour). It was feeding inside the forest near the river's edge on a shrub with small, white flowers about 8-10 ft. off the ground.
• Keel-billed Motmot (Electron carinatum) This forest dwelling motmot is common to fairly common along northern Honduras into La Mosquitia. One was seen in the upper reaches of the Rio Platano at the put-in spot. It was perched on a leafless snag a few feet above the river in the shade.
• Green-and-rufous Kingfisher (Chloroceryle inda) This rain forest dwelling kingfisher was first recorded for Honduras in 1995 despite previously published information ( Anderson and Bonta, 2002). A former Peace Corps Volunteer (Erik Nielsen) informed me in mid 1995 that he observed a kingfisher "in the rainforest" that appeared to be a C. inda. On the south side of Ibans Lagoon I found them to be locally fairly common where they inhabit slow, meandering, shallow to deeply cut canals that run through the rainforest. They are, however, difficult to approach.
• Yellow-eared Toucanet (Selenidera spectabilis) This beautiful toucanet inhabits deep rainforest east of the Sula Valley and is uncommon in Honduras with most sightings coming from Pico Bonito N.P. On a visit to the reserve in May 1994 I observed one that accompanied a Keel-billed Toucan in deep rain forest outside the village of Limonal, Rio Sico.
• Rufous-winged Woodpecker (Piculus simplex) This rain forest dwelling species reaches its northern limit of distribution east of the Sula Valley with most recent reports coming from La Mosquitia. One pair was seen climbing vines just inside the forest along the Rio Platano on Apr. 3, 2002. One was also heard on Apr. 16, 2003 along the Rio Platano.
• Fasciated Antshrike (Cymbilaimus lineatus) This bird is known in Honduras only from the La Mosquitia region and eastern Olancho. It inhabits rain forest and edge, preferring thick, overgrown areas. It is fairly common in the Rio Platano area and is not usually seen unless a tape playback is used whence it readily comes in to view.
• Checker-throated Antwren (Myrmotherula fulviventris) This antwren reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras where it is uncommon. One male was seen accompanying a small mixed understory flock on Apr. 17, 2003 along the upper reaches of the Rio Platano.
• Streak-crowned Antvireo (Dysithamnus striaticeps) This antwren has its northern limit of distribution in the rain forests of eastern Honduras where it is uncommon. On Jan. 26, 2005 one female was observed accompanying a mixed understory flock along the Rio Platano.
• Stub-tailed Spadebill (Platyrinchus cancrominus) This tiny flycatcher inhabits moist, broadleaf forest and edge. Once its call is learned it can be readily detected, but is difficult to observe. It is an active understory feeder and hops around in a seemingly frantic manner as it pounces on insects.
• Golden-crowned Spadebill (Platyrinchus coronatus) This forest dwelling flycatcher reaches its northern limit of distribution in Honduras east of the Sula Valley. One was seen on the hike into the headwaters of Rio Platano on Apr. 12, 2003. Ths bird is infrequently encountered in Honduras and is usually found singly in dense woodland.
• Tawny-chested Flycatcher (Aphanotriccus capitalis) On Feb. 14, 2004 I observed an unusual Empidonax-like flycatcher feeding about 4 feet above the groun in a dense tangle adjacent to the Rio Platano near the village of Las Marias. This is the birds' known habitat in some literature (Ridgely, 1989). Clearly seen were the buffy wing bars and gray-colored head. Unfortunately, the bird was not vocalizing as I had my recording equipment in hand. It was observed for no more than 15 seconds. No other lowland rainforest dwelling flycatcher has these distinctly colored wing bars and contrasting head colors. This bird is apparently scarce within its range (Ridgely, 1989) whichis northeast Costa Rica to eastern Nicaragua, but was likely to turn up in eastern Honduras (Anderson & Bonta, 2002).
• Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savanna) This lovely resident long tailed flycatcher is found in scattered localities throughout the country in open areas. It is particularly common in the savannas of the La Mosquitia region where in some areas hundreds can be seen in one day.
• Rufous Piha (Lipaugus unirufus) This bird is found along the Caribbean slope and inhabits humid, broadleaf forest. It typically inhabits the canopy and can be hard to see. Its loud whistle usually gives away its presence. It is common within the Reserve.
• Speckled Mourner (Laniocera rufescens) This bird is infrequently found in Honduras, but we have observed it twice in the headwaters of Rio Platano. One was seen on Apr. 13 and another on Apr. 17, 2003. Both individuals were seen perched quietly in the subcanopy in mature forest. It is probably more frequent in its appropriate habitat than records indicate (Anderson & Bonta, 2002) due to its solitary and secretive habits.
• Lovely Cotinga (Cotinga amabilis) Although commonly seen in certain areas around Pico Bonito N.P. this gorgeous bird is infrequently recorded elsewhere in Honduras. One male was spotted on Apr. 13, 2003 on the second day of the hike into the Rio Platano headwaters. It and the Snowy Cotinga were seen at the exact same locale. This species is, however, much more common, at least locally, than some literature may indicate (Anderson & Bonta, 2002)
• Snowy Cotinga (Carpodectes nitidus) This species has been rarely encountered in Honduras outside of La Mosquitia. On Apr. 13, 2003 six individuals were seen in the headwaters of Rio Platano. One individual was perched in the canopy of a large tree as it fed on fruits. Eventually it took wing and flew approx. 1/2 mile across a valley to confront another Snowy Cotinga and chased it up and over a large hill. Another individual was also seen on Apr. 15, 2003 down lower on the Rio Platano. This canopy-dwelling species is probably more abundant in its proper habitat than published records indicate (Anderson & Bonta, 2002).
• Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata) This unusual cotingid reaches its northern limit of distribution in Honduras east of the Sula Valley. They are found within its range in hilly and mountainous areas of Olancho and La Mosquitia from near sea level to over 2,300 m. One was heard on Apr. 13, 2003 in the headwaters (second day of hike) of Rio Platano and am informed that they are frequently found in the general vicinity (J. Salaverri, pers. comm.).
• White-ruffed Manakin (Corapipo altera) This manakin reaches its northern limit of distribution in Honduras east of the Sula Valley with most recent records from Olancho or La Mosquitia. One male was seen on Apr. 12, 2003 on the hike into the headwaters of Rio Platano at approx. 900m.
• Mangrove Swallow (Tachycineta albilinea) This swallow typically inhabits lowland areas and is found near bodies of water. It is particularly common along the north coast. It is very common along the Rio Platano river itself where hundreds can be seen daily feeding and perching on snags.
• Stripe-breasted Wren (Thryothorus thoracicus) On July 10, 2007 one individual was heard and positively identified one hour downriver (north) of Las Marias in area known as “El Chile”. It was calling from thick, riverside vegetation. This constitutes the first record for the Reserve and a range extension from its previously known locality in the Sutawala Valley within the Tawahka-Asangni Biosphere Reserve.
• White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis) Although typically encountered in the western and central highlands of Honduras we observed one along the trail on Apr. 12, 2003 while hiking into the headwaters of Rio Platano at an elevation of 1,100m.
• Slate-colored Solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) Another bird that is typically a western and central highland species. One individual was heard singing along the trail on Apr. 12, 2003 en route to the headwaters of Rio Platano at approx. 1,100m.
• Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) This lovely wood warbler is rarely encountered on mainland Honduras and I have only seen two specimens in nearly 13 years. One male in alternate plumage was observed closel as it fed at ground level in the village of Raista on the north coast of the Reserve in Apr. 1995.
• Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuteru culcivorus) Typically a highland species found in western and central Honduras. Several individuals were seen along the trail on Apr. 12, 2003 at 1,100m. en route to the headwaters of Rio Platano.
  
• Tawny-crested Tanager (Tachyphonus delatrii) This lowland rainforest tanager reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras. They have been found principally along primary rainforest edge in the core zone of the Reserve. One small flock was seen on Apr. 2, 2002 along the Rio Platano in the headwaters. Individuals were also seen on Apr. 15, and 17, 2003 along the Rio Platano in the headwaters.
• Passerini´s Tanager (Ramphocelus passerinii) This handsome bird is found along the Caribbean slope in humid areas. It prefers rain forest edge and semi-open areas. It is quite common within the reserve. The female is a dull brown, but retains the bluish bill.
• Yellow-crowned Euphonia (Euphonia luteicapilla) This euphonia was expected to exist in Honduras (Monroe, 1968) as it occured in eastern Nicaragua. This first sighting was made on Apr. 3, 2002 of a male and female along the Rio Platano just upriver from the village of Las Marias.
• White-vented Euphonia (Euphonia minuta) This euphonia is infrequently encountered in Honduras and resides on the Caribbean slope and typically occurs along forest edge. Two males and several females were observed near the village of Raista on Jan. 6, 2002.
• Rufous-winged Tanager (Tangara lavinia) This beautiful forest dwelling tanager reaches its northern limit of distribution in Honduas east of the Sula Valley. Published information record it as uncommon here (Howell & Webb, 1995 and Anderson & Bonta, 2002), but I have found it to be fairly common and locally common at certain locales. Individuals were even photographed at the Lodge at Pico Bonito in Dec. 2003 at close range. One male and a female were seen on the morning of March 29, 2002 in the Rio Platano headwaters at approx. 300m. Another male was seen on Apr. 12, 2003 accompanying a mixed flock at 1,100m. during the hike en route to the Rio Platano headwaters.
• Shining Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes lucidus) This species is listed and uncommon in Honduras (Anderson & Bonta, 2002), but I have found it to be fairly common in certain locales, especially around Pico Bonito N.P. and La Mosquitia. On Apr. 1, 2002 we observed individuals along the Rio Platano in the headwaters. On Apr. 13,17 and 18 we observed many males and females at three locations along Rio Platano feeding on a red, bottle brush-like flowering vine.
• Slate-colored Seedeater (Sporophila schistacea) This species was first recorded for Honduras in 1983 by M. Marcus and its current frequency is listed as uncommon (Anderson & Bonta, 2002). However, I have found it to be very common locally along the Rio Platano upriver from Las Marias on the 4th and 5th days of rafting during both Headwaters Tours I have done in 2002 and 2003. They are heard singing atop small trees adjacent to the river usually some 15-25 ft. high, but are difficult to observe.
• Grassland Yellow-Finch (Sicalis luteola) To the best of my knowledge and published data available this species has not been recorded anywhere else in Honduras outside of La Mosquitia where it is locally common to abundant. It resides and feeds in short grassy areas, often where livestock graze. One flock of 200+ was seen on Jan. 3, 2002 in a front yard in the village of Nueva Jerusalem on the north coast of the Reserve. Small flocks were also seen around the village of Brus Lagoon on Jan. 24 and 28, 2005.
• Botteri's Sparrow (Aimophila botterii) This sparrow is known in Honduras from only the La Mosquitia where is resides in the pine-grass savanna. On March 26, 2004 we observed one along the airstrip in Wampusirpe on the edge of the Reserve.
• Slate-colored Grosbeak (Saltator grossus) This forest dwelling grosbeak reaches its northern limit of distribution in eastern Honduras and was recorded in 1983 by M. Marcus. On Apr. 20, 1997 I found one in thick second growth vegetation on the south side of Ibans Lagoon in the Reserve. For more info. See "Birds of Special Interest".

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Highlands of western and southwestern Honduras

Although there are highlands throughout Honduras this section is devoted to mountains of western Honduras. This includes areas found all or in part of the Departments of: La Paz, Intibuca, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Copan, Santa Barbara, Cortez, Francisco Morazan and Comayagua. This area is comprised of a series of discontinuous mountain ranges and contains most of the highest peaks found in Honduras. Found here are a number of national parks and reserves including Cusuco, Celaque, Santa Barbara, Cerro Azul Copan, Cerro Azul Meambar and Montecristo-Trifinio National Parks. Other protected areas include: Erapuca, Opalaca, Guisayote, Mixcure, Montecillos and a few other other small ones.

Although there are a number of low-lying valleys with humid, broadleaf forest occurring here, this section is focusing on highland species typically found above 1,000m. This section also does not include the Dept. of Copan as it is treated separately. There are some two dozen species that end their southern limit of distribution within this area or just barely reach northwestern Nicaragua.

The following accounts are for certain species typically found in greater abundance in theses highlands or some that may be scarce altogether. This section also includes a Lake Yojoa supplement as it falls within the biogeographical area and where a number of interesting species have been found.

• Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) This magnificent bird is found throughout the country in nearly all habitats at any elevation, but is more common at mid-elevations and lower highlands. Some individual birds are also migrants. Sometimes seen in groups of a dozen or more.
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• Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) This medium size raptor can be found throughout the country as wintering residents and commonly as transients. Around April during migration it can sometimes be found in the hundreds.
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• Whiskered Screech-Owl (Otus trichopsis) This small owl ranges through the highlands of western Honduras in pine/oak habitat mostly above 1,000m. Like most screech-owls, its presence is usually only detected at night and can usually be lured in with a tape recording. One was heard on the evening of Apr. 3, 2005 near Gracias, Lempira. This photo was taken at the Entre Pinos resort in El Salvador just over the border from Ocotepeque.
• Band-tailed Pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) This is our highest ranging large pigeon and is found throughout the highlands. It occupies pine-oak and cloud forest habitats and can be found in small flocks. It is common in the La Esperanza and Marcala areas.
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• White-faced Quail-Dove (Geotrygon albifacies) This large dove ranges from e. Mexico, the Guatemalan and Honduran highlands to north-central Nicaragua. It is a highland species that occurs from around 1,000m. to at least 2,500m. in humid pine/oak woodland and broadleaf forest. It is often found walking on the ground where it searches for food. Although it is widespread in Honduras it can be a rather difficult bird to observe. Its low, resonating call is heard far more often than the bird is seen.
• White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis) This hummer is one of the most common species encountered in the highlands, especially in southwestern Honduras. The bird in hand was rescued from a spiny legume at La Tigra N.P.
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• Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala) This is Honduras' most widespread hummingbird species. The two different groups found here inhabit pine/oak forest, humid broadleaf forest and the La Mosquitia pine savanna. It ranges from e. Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras to w. Nicaragua. In many highland sites in pine/oak forests it is usually the dominant species and chases away other hummingbirds from nectar sources.
• Green-throated Mountain-Gem (Lampornis viridipallens) This Mesoamerican endemic ends its southern range limit west of the Sula Valley. It is fairly common above 1,000m. around forest edge where it feeds on a wide variety of flowering plants. We have recorded it at Celaque N.P. and the mountains around Marcala, La Paz.
• Green-breasted Mountain-Gem (Lampornis sybillae) This species occurs in montane forests east of the Sula Valley to north-central Nicaragua, almost making it a Honduran endemic and a much sought after bird due to its restricted range. One of the easiest places to observe it is in La Tigra N.P. as it feeds on flowering bromeliads.
• Garnet-throated Hummingbird (Lamprolaima rhami) This large, Mesoamerican endemic is typically confined to higher elevations than most other Honduran hummers, mostly above 1,500m. We have found it at Cerro Azul Meambar N.P., Marcala and common at Guisayote Biol. Reserve.
• Wine-throated Hummingbird (Atthis ellioti) This charming, tiny hummer is found in the highlands of western Honduras and is uncommon to locally common. The photos here were taken at La Tigra N.P.
• Female
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• Mountain Trogon (Trogon mexicanus) Also known as the Mexican Trogon, it occurs in the highlands from northwest Mexico to southwest Honduras as a common to fairly common species. It inhabits mostly montane forest habitats throughout and may be found singly PHOTO or pairs and at times with mixed flocks. It is fairly easy to observe at Celaque N.P. and the Opator/Guajiquiro highlands. ( AUDIO)
• Blue-throated Motmot (Aspatha gularis) This Mesoamerican endemic is restricted to montane habitats (pine/oak and broadleaf) above 1,500m. For more info. see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus)
  This beautiful toucanet is our smallest species. It ranges from s. Mexico down into S. America. It inhabits humid pine/oak forests and rainforests. Although it can be found near sea level in some areas it is more common in highland forests up into the highest peaks in Honduras.
  
  
  Nesting Site
  
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) This strikingly patterned species occurs throughout the Honduran highlands as a common bird and is also found in the Mosquitia pine savanna.
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• Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Occurring primarily in the interior highlands, this small woodpecker can be found inhabiting pine-oak and broadleaf forests and edge. I have seen small groups of up to 4 feeding together.
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• Tawny-throated Leaftosser (Sclerurus mexicanus) This understory Furnarid is widespread, but uncommon in Honduras and is found from near sea level to over 2,000m. It inhabits thick, forest undergrowth and can be difficult to see. The Malcote Nature Reserve in Copan and La Tigra N.P. are two places where it is more frequently encountered. ( AUDIO)
• Strong-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus) Honduras´ largest woodcreeper is found primarily in the interior higlands occupying pine-oak and cloud forest habitats. It is found to at least 2,000m. Although widespread it is infrequently encountered. When found it is usually seen probing bromeliads.
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• Spotted Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus erythropygius) The Spotted is fairly common throughout Honduras in humid forest habitats. It can occur singly, in pairs and will also join mixed flocks.
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• Spot-crowned Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes affinis) One of the few woodcreepers that is typically confined to montane forest habitats. It can be found as solitary individuals or accompanying mixed species flocks. It is fairly common in the Opatoro-Guajiquiro highlands.
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• Scaled Antpitta (Grallaria guatimalensis) Although probably a widespread species in Honduras it is infrequently (almost rarely) encountered, even in its proper habitat. It occurs primarily in montane broadleaf forest inhabiting the forest understory, usually on the ground. When flushed it may fly a short distance and may land on a branch and freeze, allowing the observer a view. The cloud forest of La Tigra N.P. may be one of the best places in Honduras to see this odd-looking bird.
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• Greater Pewee (Contopus pertinax) Our largest pewee is found throughout the piney highlands either singly, in pairs or at times in mixed flocks. It can usually be found along the entrance road in Celaque N.P.
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• Yellowish Flycatcher (Empidonax flavescens) One of the three resident Empidonax, the Yellowish is easily distinguished by its large white eye ring and washed out yellow coloration. It is found primarily in broadleaf forest habitats and is most common at higher elevations.
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• Buff-breasted Flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons) This lovely bird is found in the southwestern highlands of Honduras and seems to favor riparian and marshy areas in and around pine-oak habitats. The bird is frequently found near appropriate marshes in the La Esperanza area.
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• Gray-collared Becard (Pachyramphus major) This lovely bird is uncommon in Honduras and is typically found in pine/oak habitats above 1,000m. The only place where I have found it on a regular basis has been Celaque N.P., usually amongst a mixed flock.
• Bushy-crested Jay (Cyanocorax melanocyaneus) For complete info. see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Azure-hooded Jay (Cyanolyca cucullata) This handsome highland species is typically found in montane habitats above 900m. and is locally common. It is usually found in pairs or small flocks and like most jays are quite vocal ( AUDIO). They are commonly found along the trail in Celaque N.P. above 1,700m
• Black-throated Jay (Cyanolyca pumilio) Of all the jays in Honduras this is the most difficult to observe as it is restricted to higher elevations (typically above 1,500m.) than the others and is less abundant. The one time I have observed it was on July 7, 2005 at La Tigra N.P. in mixed montane forest when a flock of them passed through with a group of Bushy-crested Jays ( AUDIO).
• Unicolored Jay (Aphelocoma unicolor) This handsome highland jay is also uncommonly encountered in Honduras and is found in montane forest usually above 1,500m. The only place where I have con- sistently found it is in Celaque N.P. at 2,000m. where there is a marked transition between montane pine/oak habitat to montane broadleaf forest. They usually are found in small flocks of 5-8 birds and feed high up in the trees and respond well to tape playback ( AUDIO).
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• Black-capped Swallow (Notiochelidon pileata) This Mesoamerican endemic is restricted to the highlands, usually above 1,400m. The only specimens listed in Monroe were taken near La Esperanza, Intibuca in 1963. I have actually found it to be much more widespread and locally common at certain areas. We have found them twice along the entrance road to Celaque N.P., Guisayote B.R. and actual breeding colonies along roadcuts near Opatoro/Guajiquiro at 2,000m.
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• Cave Swallow (Hirundo fulva) This migrant has only been recently recorded in Honduras. This bird was found sleeping on a wire at Hotel La Casona near Marcala, La Paz and may represent the first photo record for the country.
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• Band-backed Wren (Campylorhynchus zonatus) The Band-backed has to be one of the loudest wrens occurring here. I have observed groups of up to 15 birds and their combined vocalizations are almost scandalous! They are found sporadically in the interior highlands. They inhabit pine-oak woodland, gardens, and broadleaf forest edge.
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• Rufous-browed Wren (Troglodytes rufociliatus) This tiny, Mesoamerican endemic is confined to montane forests above 1,700m. where it can be fairly common to common. They are typically found in pairs or small groups and often encountered in thick undergrowth where they can be AUDIO difficult to observe. We have found them in many places such as La Tigra and Celaque N.P.'s and Guisayote B.R. Like most wrens they respond well to a taple playback ( AUDIO).
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• Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) This wren was historically found in Siguatepeque and Puerto Lempira (Monroe, 1968). It is unknown if the Siguatepeque populations still exist. In Dec. 2004 Irma and I found a previously unrecorded population near La Esperanza, Intibuca in a marsh alongside a road. Subsequent visits have shown that they also occur in a number of marshes in the valley, many of which have been altered by man. Should these marshes be drained the wrens would most likely disappear. For more info, see "Birds of Special Interest".
• American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) The only specimen listed in Monroe was taken at San Juancito (now La Tigra N.P.) at 1,800m. We found a local breeding population at Celaque N.P. where we observed an adult feeding juveniles along a river at about 1,500m. on Feb. 6, 2005.
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• Slate-colored Solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) Although this highland thrush is common throughout much of Honduras it is worth mentioning here due to its beautiful flute-like songs. It is considered one of the best singers in the world and in Honduras its chorus can be heard in virtually every cloud forest habitat over 900m. In the months of Nov. to Jan. it descends to near sea level on the north side of Pico Bonito N.P.
  (AUDIO 1), (AUDIO 2), (AUDIO 3).
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) During the inaugural 2006 V.E.N.T. Western Highland Tour 5 observers and I found one individual alongside a mountain road in the brush near Marcala, La Paz. It was observed at close range for several minutes and was determined to be the “auduboni” form.
• Rufous-collared Robin (Turdus rufitorques) This large, montane thrush is published as uncommon in Honduras (Anderson & Bonta, 2002) and only one specimen is cited in Monroe, 1968. I have found it to be locally common at certain locales such as the vicinity of Guisayote B.R. and at Opator/Guajiquiro as well as a number of sightings at other locations.
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• Blue-and-white Mockingbird (Melanotis hypoleucus) For info, see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Olive Warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus) This interesting bird use to be placed with the wood-warblers, but is now in its own family, Peucedramidae. It is commn to fairly common in highland pine/oak habitats usually above 1,000m. They are often found in mixed flocks with migrant and resident wood-warblers. They are commonly encountered in Celaque N.P. and the hills around La Esperanza, Intibuca ( AUDIO).
• Crescent-chested Warbler (Parula superciliosa) This lovely, resident warbler occurs in the interior highlands of Honduras. Its soft, buzz-like vocalizations are quite different than any other resident warbler. It typically inhabits pine-oak associations and tends to stay in the sub-canopy or canopy. It is common at La Tigra N.P.
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• Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) This wood-warbler has one of the smallest ranges of any in its breeding grounds of central Texas (National Geographic, 1999. Honduras is believed to be the wintering grounds for many and indeed we have found them to be widespread in pine/oak habitats throughout. Individuals can usually be found amongst mixed flocks in Celaque N.P. and in the hills of La Esperanza.
• Red-faced Warbler (Cardellina rubifrons) This beautiful warbler is uncommon in the western highlands of Honduras where apparently its southern wintering grounds terminate. They frequently occur in mixed flocks in pine/oak forest as well as montane broadleaf forest. We have found them at 2,000m. in Celaque N.P.
• Slate-throated Redstart (Myioborus miniatus) This colorful resident warbler is fairly common throughout Honduras from sea level to well over 2,2,00m. It inhabits broadleaf and pine-oak forests.
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• Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus) This lovely bird is common to fairly common throughout the highlands of Honduras in its appropriate habitat. It typically inhabits pine/oak woodland and mixed evergreen forest. It often is found in mixed flocks and tends to stay at mid to upper levels in the forest.
• Golden-browed Warbler (Basileuterus belli) This highland resident ends its southern range in southwest Honduras. It is typically found in pairs or small groups in thick undergrowth in montane habitats usually above 1,500m.
• Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus opthalmicus) This is the most abundant tanager in the highlands. They can be found in large flocks by themselves or accompanying other species. It inhabits mostly broadleaf forest, but may also occur in mixed pine-oak-broadleaf.
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• Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava) The Hepatic is found throughout the country from sea level in the Mosquitia pine savanna to over 2,400m. in the interior highlands. Its preferred habitat it pine-oak forest. The male is red and the female a dull yellowish brown.
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• Flame-colored Tanager (Piranga bidentata) This colorful tanager has a big range, but is worth noting as it is found as an uncommon to fairly common highland species. It is typically found in pine/oak habitats above 1,000m. and at times in adjacent scrubby habitat. We have found it at La Tigra N.P., La Esperanza, Opator/Guajiquiro, Celaque N.P. and Copan. It is particularly common along the lower trail at Celaque.
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• Blue-crowned Chlorophonia (Chlorophonia occipitalis) This beautiful Mesoamerican endemic has its widest distribution in the Honduran highlands. It is typically found in montane broadleaf forest, but may descend into the lowlands during the winter. One of the best places to look for it is at fruiting mistletoe plants. It is fairly common to uncommon and we have found it at Guisayote B.R., Cerro Azul Meambar N.P. and Copan. For photo and audio see "Birds of Special Interest".
• Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer (Diglossa baritula) This Mesoamerican endemic is found throughout the western and southwestern highlands no lower than 1,200m. It is typically found in open to semi-open areas or forest edge where it feeds at flowers. It can, however, be found in deep forest where certain understory flowers may be blooming. We have found it to be fairly common around Opator/Guajiquiro, La Esperanza and Copan.
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• Rusty Sparrow (Aimophila rufescens) This is one of the most widespread native sparrows in Honduras, occupying a variety of habitats from sea level to well over 2,000m. It can be found in pine/grass savannas of La Mosquitia, scrub, and high up in pine/oak, mixed evergreen forests throughout. It typically is found along roadsides or forest edge in the understory. Often found in pairs or small groups. Will usually respond to "pishing" or a pygmy-owl call.
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) Our resident meadowlark can be found in the interior of Honduras inhabiting open, grassy fields and pine forest edge. It also occurs in the Mosquitia pine savanna.
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• Black-vented Oriole (Icterus wagleri) This stunning oriole occurs throughout the interior highlands. Strangely enough, it is usually associated with human settlements and is seldom found away from them. They even nest in people’s front yards. Individuals can usually be found around the houses at the entrance of Celaque N.P. This bird was photographed at hotel Los Gloriales near La Tigra N.P.
• Yellow-faced Grassquit (Tiaris olivaceus) This small seedeater is found throughout most of the interior in lower foothills up into the highlands. It inhabits semi-open areas with scattered shrubs and pine-oak forest understory. The male is unmistakable with its yellow facial markings, but the dull female (shown here) can be confused with other small birds.
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Lake Yojoa

Lake Yojoa is Honduras' largest naturally occurring body of freshwater. Its odd footprint shape stamped into the Honduran geography is a natural blessing and a draw for tourists wishing to escape from the typical Copan and Bay Islands tourist route. It sits in a large depression believed to be formed by extinct volcanoes and is bordered by two impressive mountains that form Cerro Azul Meambar N.P. on the eastern side and Santa Barbara N.P. on the west.

The Lake is bordered by low and upland marshes on its southern, eastern and northern shores. On the west side the mountain of Santa Barbara comes crashing straight down to the lake with steep slopes coming right down to the waters' edge. Also found along the north shore is some pine habitat where there exists an interesting pygmy-owl. A number of interesting finds have been made here including new records for the country and the marshes may well turn up additional species.

• Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) These colorful birds are widespread in Honduras being found in a variety of wetland habitats as well as marshy fields. They can often be found in large flocks around Lake Yojoa and along the entrance to Cuero y Salado W.R.
• Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) This grebe is found in Honduras primarily inhabiting larger bodies of water such as lakes, lagoons and estuaries. It is common at Lake Yojoa. Its large size, coloration and ringed bill easily separate it from the much smaller, dark colored Least Grebe.
• Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) This small bittern is rarely encountered in Honduras outside of Lake Yojoa where it is locally fairly common. It is found skulking amongst the cattails or perched almost motionless at the water's edge along the lake or at inlets. We have found it fairly easy to observe at Hotel Las Glorias.
• American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) This North American migrant has been rarely recorded in Honduras (Monroe, 1968) with no known recent records. Its camoflauge pattern and secretive habits and insufficient observers probably account for the lack of recent records and it may well winter here in low numbers. On Feb. 24, 2005 during a VENT tour we observed one at long range along the southwest corner of the lake as it hunted in the marsh.
• Bare-throated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum)
  
  This large heron is found along northern and southern Honduras and locally inland. It inhabits lakes, lagoons, rivers and marshes. It is frequently encountered around Lake Yojoa and Cuero y Salado W.R.
• Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) This is one of the most common herons in Honduras. It is typically found at ponds, lakes and brackish water habitats. Strangely enough, it has also been found far upriver along the Rio Platano in undisturbed rainforest. The juveniles are immatures are completely white and superficially look like Snowy Egrets.
• Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) In Honduras this species is almost entirely restricted to open areas along the north coast. We have, however, recorded it in low numbers around the marshes of Lake Yojoa being far outnumbered at least 4:1 by the Turkey Vulture.
• Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) In Honduras this bird is almost entirely restricted to Lake Yojoa where it feeds on apple snails and I have only one other sighting in the Rio Lean basin. Although I have not conducted any formal field work on its abundance I have noticed a marked decrease in its numbers over the past five years. We use to observe many soaring by along the southwest corner and now we would be fortunate to see two. According to S. Howell this bird is "vulnerable to pollution and drainage" as is probably the case in Lake Yojoa and is worth investigating before the species' becomes more threatened here.
• Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus exilis) This tiny crake has a patchy distribution in Honduras and was historically recorded only along the Rio Segovia (Monroe,1968). In Feb. 2004 during a Naturalist Journeys tour I obtained a partial audio recording of a crake at Lake Yojoa that proved to be this species. On subsequent visits I have found it to be actually fairly common to common in the marshes at various locations, but can only be seen with extreme luck or patiently using a tape playback. It is not surprising that it was never collected here in the 1940's and 60's due to its small size and secretive habits ( AUDIO).
• Spotted Rail (Pardirallus maculatus) This bird was unknown to Honduras until it was found at Lake Yojoa in 1993. It is actually fairly common there and can sometimes be seen feeding along mudflats or creeping among the aquatic vegetation along some shore inlets.
• Purple Gallinule (Porphyrula martinica) This handsome bird can be found throughout Honduras where there is suitable habitat which usually is a slow moving river with piled up debris or around marshes and other wetlands. It is common at Lake Yojoa.
• Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) The moorhen is found primarily along lagoons and lakes where it feeds on aquatic vegetation such as lily pads. It can be common at Lake Yojoa.
• Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) This ibis-like bird inhabits the Caribbean slope of Honduras to about 650m. It is common in the marshes around the lake where it feeds on apple snails, frogs, etc. Its dusk and dawn wailing calls are haunting and far-carrying ( AUDIO).
• Northern Jacana (Jacana spinosa) This bird is found throughout Honduras around aquatic habitats from rivers to marshes and flooded fields where they search for insects and other food.
  
• Plain-breasted Ground-Dove (Columbina minuta) This species has only recently been added to the Honduran list when it was found in Olancho. There were unsubstantiated records for Lake Yojoa (Anderson & Bonta, 2002), but on Aug. 16, 2004 Barry Lyon (VENT employee) and I observed one male at Hotel Las Glorias along a grassy path that led to the lakeshore.
• Red-lored Parrot (Amazona autumnalis) In Honduras this medium-sized parrot is found mostly along the Caribbean slope. It is common elsewhere, but uncommon in the Aguan. One pair was found nesting in a snag within the newly formed reserve in Apr. 2005 (AUDIO).
• Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) This lovely bird occurs throughout Honduras in most habitats, even older broadleaf forest. Found singly or in pairs. While walking along branches its long tail gives it the appearance of a squirrel.
• Pygmy-Owl sp. (Glaucidium sp.) There exists a grayish-brown pygmy-owl around the lake strictly inhabiting the pine stands at least along the entire northern section. It appears to have five white tail bars and fine spotting on the head and side of nape. Wings and scapular areas are heavily spotted and the bird closely matches the illustration on Plate 25, 2A in Howell and Webb. Monore obtained a specimen very close by on the east slope of Cerro Santa Barabar (now Santa Barbara N.P.) at 1,980m. (Monroe, 1968, pp. 157 & 158). We have also found G. brasilianum and G. grisieceps in the same general area, but occupying different microhabitats. To make matters more confusing Howell is unsure if the voice of G. gnoma south of Chiapas, Mexico has been described. If it proves to be different than birds from north of the Isthum it could be named the Guatemalan Pygmy-Owl (G. cobanense). ( AUDIO)
• Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) An aggressive diurnal and nocturnal species, this small owl is common throughout Honduras. It occurs in semi-open areas, light woodland, scrub and thorn forest up to about 2,000m. It is replaced in lowland, humid broadleaf forest by B. griseiceps and in montane forest by G. gnoma. It is known to hunt small to medium sized birds, reptiles and insects. Upon imitating its call is usually attracts a wide variety of birds including tanagers, manakins, hummingbirds, warblers, wrens, gnatcatchers amongst others who are curious as to its whereabouts ( AUDIO).
• Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) This is the most commonly encountered nightjar in Honduras. It inhabits open areas or scrub up to at least 1,800m. It is typically seen along roads or trails around dusk where there is little traffic. During the breeding season of the summer months they are much more vocal ( AUDIO).
• Spot-tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus maculicaudus) This species is fairly common in the lake area in short, grassy areas and along the lake's edge. Two were seen in Feb. 2005 during a VENT tour sitting near each other along the edge of a soccer field at Hotel Las Glorias. They were approached very closely. Another was also seen (same individual?) in April 2005 with R. Ridgely in the mud flats near the lakeshore.
• Violet Sabrewing (Campylopterus hemileucurus) This large, gorgeous hummer is found throughout the territory from sea level to about 2,500m. It occurs in and around humid forest and is a very conspicuous bird, especially at feeders.
  
• White-bellied Emerald (Amazilia candida) This small hummer looks surprisingly similar to the Azure-crowned Hummingbird (A. cyanocephala) and can occur together in certain areas. The White-bellied is smaller overall and lacks entirely and blue shimmer on the head.
• Berylline Hummingibird (Amazilia beryllina)This hummer occurs in the interior of Honduras. It is very similar in appearance to the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (A. tzacatl) and the two occur together in the Lake Yojoa basin.
• Cinnamon Hummingbird (Amazilia rutila) This hummer is common throughout most of Honduras in its proper habitat and elevation and is often a dominant species at flower patches. It is found in coastal scrub, gardens, light broadleaf woodland and pine-oak forest. It even occurs in the Mosquitia pine savanna.
• Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird (Tilmatura dupontii) This tiny hummer inhabits semi-open areas and forest edge and has a wide alititudinal range and distribution, but is more common above 600m. Although published as uncommon in Honduras (Anderson & Bonta, 2002) it is fairly common (at least locally), as stated in Monroe, 1968. It is particularly common around the lake being found at the Los Pinos visitor center and along the north side of the lake where they feed on blooming Inga trees, especially from Feb. to May.
• Slender Sheartail (Doricha enicura) This little hummer is apparently rare in Honduras with the only specimen coming from the Deptl of La Paz (Monroe, 1968). On March 18, 2001 I observed one female at close range at Los Naranjos Arch. site for an extended period of time while it fed on bromeliad flowers, perched, fed, etc. I have not seen it on any subsequent visits to the same place.
• Violaceous Trogon (Trogon violaceus) Of the three yellow-bellied trogons in Honduras this species is the most widespread and common. It inhabits light woodland to humid, broadleaf forests up to about 1,800m. Like most other trogons it is easy to attract with a tape playback or even with a whistled imitation of its call ( AUDIO).
• Rufous-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis erythrothorax) This species is encountered in Honduras only in the northwest, terminating to the east at Lancetilla near Tela (where is is sympatric with the Slaty Spinetail) and south to the Lake Yojoa area. Although it exists elsewhere I have found it to be easier to find at the lake. It is frequently found at the Los Naranjos Arch. site in tall grass at the lake's edge and in scrubby second growth. If present it readily responds to a tape playback, but otherwise remains hidden in thick cover ( AUDIO).
• Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) This charismatic antbird is found throughout the country from sea level to at least 1,500m. It occurs in a variety of brushy habitats to second growth forest with a thick understory. Its distinct, rapid song is commonly heard everywhere in its appropriate habitat ( AUDIO).
  male
  female
• Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) This common flycatcher is found throughout much of Honduras and is heard far more often than seen as it usually calls from the tree tops. When excited it raises its crest exposing a white “spot”. It is especially common around Lake Yojoa.
• Common Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum cinereum) This small flycatcher is found along the Caribbean slope and extreme southern Honduras in forested areas. It is common along Rio Platano and at Lake Yojoa. Its peculiar habit of wagging its tail back and forth, small size and coloration set it apart from all other birds found here.
• Brown-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus) This Myiarchus is common throughout Honduras and is found from sea level to at least 1,200m. It inhabits more open woodland, forest edge and a variety of other semi-open areas. Its loud “wuip” call and larger size distinguish it from the common Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
• Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) This is the most common kingbird in Honduras and inhabits open areas to forest edge. It is the most commonly seen bird perched on electric wires.
• Rufous-and-white Wren (Thryothorus rufalbus) This wren has a patchy distribution in Honduras that runs along the north coast towards Trujillo and south to Lake Yojoa then reappearing around Tegucigalpa towards San Marcos de Colon. It inhabits a variety of habitats and elevations, but always favoring dense, understory vegetation. It occurs fairly commonly along the forested paths at the Los Naranjos Arch. site where its strange song can be heard echoeing in the understory ( AUDIO).
• Southern House Wren (Troglodytes musculus) This small wren is believed by some authors to be distinct from the “Northern House Wren”. The Southern is found south of the Isthmus of Tehauntepec and the Northern to the north. This bird is commonly found around and in the roofs of human habitations. Where found in the “wild” it inhabits the understory brush of woodland or second growth such as that along the entrance road into Celaque N.P.
• Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi) A colorful resident warbler, this Parula is infrequently encountered. It inhabits rainforest and edge and at times joins mixed species flocks. It can sometimes be seen on the grounds of Hotel Agua Azul at Lake Yojoa.
• Blue-Gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) One of the most common tanagers found in Honduras, it occurs in semi-open areas, gardens, parks and light woodland to at least 1,500m.
  
• Yellow-winged Tanager (Thraupis abbas) The striking colors and pattern on the bird render it unmistakable. It can be found all over Honduras up to about 1,700m. It inhabits a wide variety of habitats.
• White-collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) This small seedeater is common throughout most of Honduras in any semi-open habitat. The male is strikingly different than the plain brown females.
• Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) This is the most colorful migrant species found in Honduras. It inhabits brushy areas and often fallow corn and bean fields filled with weeds. It is most frequently found in any size valleys.
• Tricolored Munia (Lonchura malacca) This is the newest exotic bird to hit Central America and it has finally reached Honduras, being found in small flocks around Lake Yojoa and just recently in eastern Copan. They were first reported at L. Yojoa in July 2004 (N. American Birds, Volume 57,2004), and are frequently seen around the lakeshore where they probably feed on seeding plants.

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Department of Copan

The Dept. of Copan encompasses about 2,200 km² hectares and covers altitudes of about 200m to almost 2,400m. It has a rich mix of habitats and its proximity to the continental divide affords this area a high avian diversity. Whereas the majority of people come to see the archaeological site those that venture into the countryside to go bird watching are usually rewarded no matter where they go.

In the Rio Amarillo valley approaching Copan Ruinas along the main highway there still exists a reserve of humid, broadleaf forest of about 120 hectares. This is a very important area and contains one of the last remaining stands of humid forest in the whole interior of western Honduras. A number of Caribbean slope species who inhabit humid forest reach their southern limit of distribution in western Honduras in this forest. Many of the hills and mountains throughout the department are covered in pine/oak forests mixed with other broadleaf species. The valley of Copan itself holds remnant patches of semi-deciduous forest. Along certain mountain ranges there still exists extensive mid-elevation broadleaf forests and several montane habitats as well that frequently yield new species for the department.

To date just over 400 species have been recorded within the department. This information will soon be submitted for publication in an article in the journal Ornitologia Neotropical (Neotropical Ornithology-Gallardo, in preparation). A number of species can be found here that are at their altitudinal range limits or geographical limit in terms of being either a Pacific or Caribbean slope species. The area is rich in North American migrants and is a regular flyway for species such as the Mississippi Kite which can usually be found in the hills in mid April on their northward trip.

The following accounts are for species typically found in Copan.

• Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Almost wherever one finds a carcass or a garbage dump one will find this very common and abundant bird. The white patches on the underside tips of the wings differentiate it quickly from the other black vultures. It tends not to be found in heavily forested areas where it is replaced by the King Vulture.
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• Mississippi Kite (Ictinia missisippienses) This North American migrant seems to have an interesting migration pattern through Honduras where it flies closer to the Pacific coast on its way south then more towards the Caribbean on their way north. We have regularly found them around mid-April in the Lake Yojoa area and in the hills just north of Copan Ruins.
• Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) Honduras´ most common and abundant chachalaca species is found throughout the north coast, in the west and center of the country. It is found in a variety of semi open areas to woodland and humid forest, being quite adaptable. In some occasions it will approach human settlements in search of food if it knows it will not be disturbed. It is a species that is hunted whenever and wherever possible. It is replaced in the extreme south by the White-bellied Chachalaca (O. leucogastra) and in the east by the Gray-headed Chachalaca (O. cinereiceps).
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• Crested Bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) The taxonomic status of this wide ranging group of quail has yet to be settled and there is considerable variation in plumage coloration. They inhabit a wide range of semi-open and forested habitats, arid scrub,etc. They have not, however, been found in humid, broadleaf forest habitats. The male depicted here shows the typical plumage found in the Copan area. Males will at times jump up into a tree at heights of up to 8-10 ft. to answer to a tape playback.
• Male
• Male
• Spotted Wood-Quail (Odontophorus guttatus) This forest dwelling quail is found in much of the Honduran highlands usually above 600m. to about 2,000m. Like many of the tropical quail they are often heard singing, but are difficult to observe. They have been found at two locations north of Copan Ruins in mid-elevation broadleaf forest at 1,100-1,300m.
• Inca Dove (Columbina inca) This common little dove is easy to separate from the others by its long tail and plain sandy color with a scale-like pattern.
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• White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) Honduras´ most common and visible Leptotila dove. It is found throughout the country in semi-open areas to light woodland. It is usually seen walking on the ground and although common it is difficult to approach. Found singly, in pairs or occasionally in small groups.
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• White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica) This is avery common species throughout Honduras in open areas and light woodland. Along the north coast it appears to be replaced by the Pale-vented and Red-billed Pigeons. It has even been recorded on the hike en route to the Rio Platano headwaters along deforested areas.
• Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris) This widespread and common bird can be found virtually everywhere on the mainland. It often follows livestock in search of prey that is scared up. The Smooth-billed Ani (C. ani) inhabits the Bay Islands.
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• Great Swallow-tailed Swift (Panyptila sanctihieronymi) This large, graceful swift finds its home all around Copan and is common here. It feeds on insects cuaght typically high up in the air, but will occasionally descend to within 40 feet or so above the ground. In 2003 I found a fledgling on the ground at what is now the Macaw Mt. bird sanctuary. They were nesting in the vertical sandstone cliffs behind the creek and roost there as well. They can typically be seen in the late afternoon flying over the Copan valley near the Enchanted Wings Nature Center.
• Black-crested Coquette (Lophornis helenae) This charming little hummer is considered uncommon with scattered reports from Pico Bonito, Olancho and Lake Yojoa, but is fairly common to common around Copan. It is found principally in the foothills to the north and south of Copan Ruins. Around Nov. to Jan. they are found daily feeding on the yellow flowers of a large shrub, (small tree) which I believe is a Composite. On the dirt road past the community of La Laguna it's possible to view several feeding at the same time and is probably the best place in Honduras to view this species. They are also regularly seen at the Malcote Reserve.
• Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) This is the smallest of all the long distance migrants that reach Honduras. It is found throughout the country from sea level up to the highest cloud forests and occupies many different habitats in search of nectar. In this photo it shares a feeder on Utila with (the giant) Green-breasted Mango and the Canivet's (Fork-tailed) Emerald.
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• Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris)
  
  This lovely bird is found throughout Honduras from sea level to well over 2,000m. It inhabits young, secondary forest habitats to old growth. It is easily drawn in with a whistled imitation of its two-note call. The sexes are highly dimorphic; the male having metallic green upperparts and the female having brown.
• Golden-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) This boldly patterned woodpecker is the most common species in Honduras. It is found in semi-open areas to light woodland in humid to arid environs. Its almost laugh-like call gives its presence away. At places like the Lodge at Pico Bonito it co-inhabits forest edge with its rainforest counterpart, the Black-cheeked Woodpecker (M. pucherani).
• Ruddy Foliage-Gleaner (Automolus rubiginosus) This uncommon furnarid is hard to come by in Honduras. It typically inhabits thick undergrowth in the highlands and can be difficult to observe. It can usually be found in certain heavily forested ravines along the road past La Laguna and can be drawn out with an audio recording.
• Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus)
  
  This widespread and common species ranges from Mexico down into S. America. In Honduras it inhabits humid broadleaf forest and humid pine/oak associations. It occurs from sea level to at least 1,800m.
• Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus)
  
• 
  This is another common species in Honduras that occurs along the Caribbean slope. It ranges from s. Mexico to S. America. It inhabits humid pine/oak associations and humid broadleaf forest. In Honduras it is found from sea level to at least 1,300m.
• Northern Barred Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae) This large species ranges from s. Mexico to S. America. It is fairly common to uncommon and occurs mostly along the Caribbean slope of Honduras. It is found from sea level to at least 1,800m. and inhabits humid pine/oak associations and humid broadleaf forest.
• Ivory-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus flavigaster) This species ranges from Mexico to n.w. Costa Rica and is common throughout most of Honduras. It is found from sea level to at least 1,500m. It is found in a variety of habitats including semi-deciduous forest, humid broadleaf forest and pine/oak forests and mangroves. Its loud descending, laugh-like call is heard on almost every outing.
• 
• Streak-headed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes souleyetti) This bird ranges from s. Mexico to S. America and is common along the entire Caribbean slope and fairly common along the Gulf of Fonseca. It is found from sea level to over 1,800m. It inhabits humid to semi-arid forests and often in scattered trees in cattle pastures. It is particularly common at Lancetilla Botanical Gardens and Los Naranjos Archaeological site at Lake Yojoa.
• Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes oleagineus)
  
  This small flycatcher ranges from s. Mexico to S. America. and occurs commonly throughout most of Honduras. It is found from sea level to at least 1,800m. in a variety of habitats including scrub, humid broadleaf forest and pine/oak woodland.
• Northern Bentbill (Oncostoma cinereigulare) This small flycatcherranges from s.e. Mexico to Panama. In Honduras it occurs commonly along the Caribbean slope and uncommon to fairly common along the Gulf of Fonseca. It is found from sea level to at least 1,500m. in a variety of habitats including arid scrub, humid broadleaf forest and pine/oak woodland.
• Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus) Finding this bizarre flycatcher in the mountains of Copan was quite the surprise. It is fairly common in the lowlands of Honduras where it is typically found along forested streams and rivers. On Apr. 29, 2005 we observed a nesting pair at the Malcote Nature Reserve at about 1,200m. along a spring that divided a coffee plantation and broadleaf forest. It was strangely unrecorded on any previous visit there.
• 
• Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris)
  
  This migrant flycatcher is common throughout Honduras in a variety of habitats. It is found from sea level to well over 2,000m.
• Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) This resident flycatcher is found throughout Honduras from sea level to well over 2,500m in virtually every habitat. Its mournful “wheuuu” vocalization easily separates it from the other Myiarchus spp.
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• Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) This is yet another common and abundant flycatcher found throughout Honduras. It inhabits light woodland, forest edge, gardens, etc. Its loud “kis-ka-dee” call separates it from the similar Boat-billed Flycatcher.
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• Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris) Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris) This is one of the few birds that breed in Central America and winter in S. America. It breeds from Mexico to Costa Rica and is common throughout Honduras. It is found from sea level to around 1,800m. It inhabits semi-open areas, semi-deciduous forest and humid forest habitats. Its loud "squeeze toy"-like call usually gives away its presence.
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• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Although commonly seen (sometimes by the hundreds) along the north coast during migration it is rarely encountered as far inland as Copan. One individual was seen on the morning of May 12, 2005 at the Enchanted Wings Nature Center in Copan and is rather a late occurrence for this species.
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• Rose-throated Becard (Pachyramphus aglaiae) This is Honduras´ most common Becard and it can be found in virtually every habitat and semi-open areas. Like many species in this group the male and female are sexually dimorphic; the female rich browns and the male slaty black. Some males found have the rosy throat and others do not.
• Female
• Male
• Red-capped Manakin (Pipra mentalis)
  Female
  This species is found from s.e. Mexico to S. America and in Honduras occurs along the Caribbean slope. It is found from sea level to about 1,600m primarily in humid broadleaf forest and occasionally in pine/oak woodland. It is fairly common throughout.
• Male
• White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) This striking vireo is found widespread in Honduras, but is infrequently encountered. It may inhabit coastal scrub, riparian forest, pine-oak woodland and even dry, thorn scrub forest. It can be found singly, in pairs or joining mixed flocks.
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• Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis) This is one of the most interesting members of the vireo family and really stands out. Its bold color pattern and variety of calls are unmistakable. It is found throughout interior Honduras in mostly broadleaf forest edge up to at least 1,600m. It has just been recorded in the southern section of the Rio Platano B.R.
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• White-throated Magpie-Jay (Calocitta formosa) Although this jay is widespread along the Pacific slope it is worth mentioning here due to its graceful beauty. They are quite nomadic in habit, but small flocks are usually present in the Copan valley.
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• 
• Green Jay (Cyanocorax yncas) This most colorful of all Honduran jays is fairly common to common and is more abundant along the north coast. It typically inhabits semi-open areas, light woodland, forest edge or coffee and citrus plantations. I have recorded them along the entrance to the Malcote Nature Reserve.
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• Brown Jay (Cyanocorax morio) This is the largest and most widespread jay in Honduras. It is fairly common to common most everywhere ranging from sea level to at least 1,500m. The only place I have not observed them is the core zone of the Rio Platano Bioshpere Reserve where there are large tracts of undisturbed broadleaf forest. They often mob raptors of any size.
• Juvenile
• Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) This curious and loud wren has a strange distribution in Honduras, being found around the Copan Ruins area, Sula valley, Lake Yojoa and southern Honduras. It inhabits cities and semi-open areas as well as semi-deciduous forest. It may occur in groups of five or six birds. The Lake Yojoa populations sound distinctly different than birds found in Copan.
• 
• 
• Spot-breasted Wren (Thryothorus maculipectus)
  
  This wren is found from n.e. Mexico to n. Costa Rica. In Honduras it occurs along the Caribbean slope and is found from sea level to around 1,400m. It inhabits mostly humid to semi-humid habitats where it is frequently seen feeding amongst dense tangles. It is common to fairly common throughout.
• Plain Wren (Thryothorus modestus) This not so plain wren is common throughout most of the interior of western and central Honduras. It can be found in scrubby habitats and light woodland up to at least 2,000m and is particularly common in scrubby areas around pine/oak forest. As with many wrens, easy to detect by voice, but difficult to observe unless a tape is used. Quite often some pygmy-owl tooting will draw one out for a brief view.
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• N. Nightingale Wren (Microcerculus philomela) This small, forest dwelling wren is perhaps the most difficult to observe in Honduras. It is very local and where it occurs its whimsical song may be heard, but the bird is nearly impossible to see as it remains low to the ground in thick cover. However, it usually responds well to a tape playback. In Copan I have found it at the Miramundo coffee plantation and the Malcote Nature Reserve; both close to 1,300m. ( AUDIO).
• Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus)
  
  This migratory bird is found throughout Honduras as an uncommon to fairly common species. It is found from sea level to well over 2,500m. It inhabits humid to semi-deciduous forest. Although some over winter in Honduras they are infrequently encountered. Around April and May, however, they can be more easily found as a greater number of birds that winter to the south are en route back to N.A.
• Clay-colored Robin (Turdus grayi) This is our most abundant Thrush in Honduras. It is found in virtually all types of disturbed areas and forest edge to light woodland. It is common in big cities. Although common it has, like most Thrushes, a beautiful song.
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• 
• Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
  
  This N.A. migrant winters from the s.e. USA to Panama. In Honduras it occurs along the Caribbean slope from sea level to around 2,000m. It is common to fairly common in humid to semi-deciduous forest habitats, typically skulking in thick vegetation.
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• Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) This resident migrant is one of the most common warblers found in Honduras. It occurs nearly everywhere in most habitats. A place where they is likely to turn up almost without a doubt are in Willow (Salix sp.) trees along rivers and creeks.
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• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
  
  This common N.A. migrant winters from s. USA to n. S.A. It is found from sea level to at least 2,500m. and occurs in virtually every major habitat. It forages along branches and tree trunks muck like a piculet or creeper.
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus)
  
  This N.A. migrant winters from Mexico to n. S.A. It occurs throughout Honduras from sea level to over 2,000m. It inhabits most major habitats where it typically is found walking on the ground in search of food.
• Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus)
  
  This N.A. migrant winters from s.e. Mexico to n. S.A. It is found from sea level to at least 1,800m. It inhabits humid to semi-deciduous forest habitats where it typically is found in the thick understory.
• Gray-crowned Yellowthroat (Chamaethlypis poliocephala)